TiO2光电催化中光生电子降解对苯醌的行为研究

通过施加外加偏压把TiO2/Ti薄膜阳极产生的光生电子转移到阴极,并对其在阴极的电化学行为进行了研究.用水杨酸探针法对阴极溶液中产生的活性氧自由基进行了检测,探讨了pH值、恒电流值和连接类型等因素对阴极室溶液中对苯醌降解效果的影响.实验结果表明,在酸性条件下,转移至阴极的光生电子可将溶液中的溶解氧还原生成H2O2,再进而生成·OH;在pH值为2.0、恒电流为3.5mA和阳离子膜作为反应器双室连接类型的条件下,在60min内,阴极溶液中对苯醌的降解率可达到82.3%.     

覆膜对土壤-青菜体系Cu和Zn迁移特性的影响

地膜覆盖(覆膜)是一种国际上广泛采用的农作物栽培方式,极大地改变了土壤的水热生态效应,从而影响土壤中重金属元素的生物有效性.通过田间对比试验,研究覆膜对土壤-青菜体系中Cu和Zn迁移及分布特征的影响.结果表明:覆膜栽培方式在促进青菜生长的同时,显著地改变了土壤的理化性质.覆膜地块中土壤pH值和SO2-4含量比不覆膜地块分别降低12.77%和33.90%,差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05).覆膜对Cu形态分布和迁移影响很小,对Zn影响则大得多.土壤中Zn的BCR(community bureau of reference)3步提取态含量分别降低25.87%、35.80%和28.17%.覆膜地块青菜根和叶中Zn含量分别较不覆膜地块增加130.9%和13.6%,但茎中减少了23.7%.覆膜栽培对土壤中Zn有一定活化作用,释放出来的Zn大部分被青菜根吸收,因此覆膜地块中青菜根对Zn的吸收量远远大于不覆膜地块.     

磁性粒子/介孔碳的合成及其吸附性能

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为模板,采用三氯化铁和蔗糖同步浇铸的方法,利用纳米刻蚀技术合成了Fe-Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子/介孔碳复合体(简称磁性粒子/介孔碳)。XRD分析和高分辨透射电子显微镜表征结果表明,磁性粒子/介孔碳中含有强磁性粒子——Fe3O4和α-Fe。在初始罗丹明B质量浓度为200 mg/L的溶液中加入于碳化温度为800 oC下制得的磁性粒子/介孔碳1 mg/L,吸附190 min后,平衡吸附量为329 mg/g。吸附后的磁性粒子/介孔碳在乙醇中的脱附率可达93.7%。通过外加磁场可将吸附后的磁性粒子/介孔碳与溶液分离。     

Cu2O/PTCDI复合材料的制备及其光催化活性

] 以p型半导体氧化亚铜（Cu₂O）与n型半导体苝二酰亚胺（PTCDI）为原料,通过原位还原的方法制备了Cu₂O/PTCDI复合材料,并考察了其对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解活性。实验结果表明：与纯Cu₂O及PTCDI自组装体相比,Cu₂O/PTCDI复合材料的光催化活性与稳定性都有所提升; PTCDI自组装体质量分数为90%的Cu₂O/PTCDI复合材料对亚甲基蓝的降解率可达70%。Cu₂O和PTCDI自组装体的有效复合降低了光生电子和空穴的复合率,同时改善了Cu₂O和PTCDI自组装体的光催化活性。     

ZnO纳米粒子通过线粒体通路抑制小鼠光感受器细胞Na~+/K~+-ATP酶表达和活性的作用研究

氧化锌(ZnO)纳米粒子已被发现具有生物毒性,氧化应激被认为是最重要的因素之一。前期实验证实,ZnO纳米粒子能显著减少锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn SOD)蛋白的表达,降低Mn SOD活性。本文通过检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放、线粒体活性氧(ROS)水平和膜电位(Δφm)、延迟整流钾电流变化和Na~+/K~+-ATP酶的表达及活性等变化,检测ZnO纳米粒子对小鼠光感受器细胞的细胞毒作用。结果表明,ZnO纳米粒子可显著增强小鼠光感受器细胞中LDH的释放、增加线粒体内ROS水平并下调Δφm、阻断延迟整流钾电流,同时降低Na~+/K~+-ATP酶的表达及活性,从而对小鼠视网膜光感受器细胞产生细胞毒作用,提示ZnO纳米粒子可通过线粒体通路引起氧化应激,从而抑制小鼠光感受器细胞Na~+/K~+-ATP酶表达和活性,产生细胞毒性,导致细胞死亡。本文的研究结果有助于理解ZnO纳米粒子引起细胞毒性的作用机理。     

Enzymatic nitrous oxide emissions from wastewater treatment

Nitrous oxide (N₂O), a potent greenhouse gas, is emitted during nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment, significantly contributing to greenhouse effect. Nitrogen removal generally involves nitrification and denitrification catalyzed by specific enzymes. N₂O production and consumption vary considerably in response to specific enzyme-catalyzed nitrogen imbalances, but the mechanisms are not yet completely understood. Studying the regulation of related enzymes’ activity is essential to minimize N₂O emissions during wastewater treatment. This paper aims to review the poorly understood related enzymes that most commonly involved in producing and consuming N₂O in terms of their nature, structure and catalytic mechanisms. The pathways of N₂O emission during wastewater treatment are briefly introduced. The key environmental factors influencing N₂O emission through regulatory enzymes are summarized and the enzyme-based mechanisms are revealed. Several enzymebased techniques for mitigating N₂O emissions directly or indirectly are proposed. Finally, areas for further research on N₂O release during wastewater treatment are discussed.

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Effects of paclobutrazol (PP333) on lead and zinc accumulations in Pseudostellaria maximowicziana

Paclobutrazol (PP333) can enhance the resistance capabilities of plants to stress conditions. In this study, PP333 were sprayed on the lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) accumulator plant Pseudostellaria maximowicziana, which was planted in Pb–Zn contaminated soil, and the effects of PP333 on Pb and Zn accumulation levels in P. maximowicziana were studied. Spraying 10?mg/L PP333 increased, while 20, 30 and 50?mg/L PP333 decreased, the biomass of P. maximowicziana compared with the control. The 10?mg/L PP333 had no significant effects on the photosynthetic pigment contents of P. maximowicziana compared with the control, while the other doses increased the contents. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase) and the Pb and Zn concentrations in P. maximowicziana were increased by PP333 compared with the control. These items had the increase trend with the increase of PP333 concentrations. Only 10 and 20?mg/L PP333 increased the amount of Pb extracted by P. maximowicziana shoots, while all of the doses increased the amount of Zn extracted by P. maximowicziana shoots. Thus, low concentration of PP333 could promote the growth and heavy metal extraction ability of P. maximowicziana shoots, with the 10?mg/L being the best.     

锰氧化物对有机污染物的转化机制研究进展

以土壤/沉积物中普遍存在且具有较强氧化活性的锰氧化物为研究对象,探讨了水-锰氧化物体系对医药品和个人护理用品等典型环境污染物的转化行为,并从污染物的分子结构出发,分别综述了锰氧化物对酚类、胺类、氮杂环、氮杂环N-氧化物、酸类等典型环境污染物的分子转化机制.为该类污染物环境行为及其潜在风险的科学评价、有效控制奠定理论基础.     

Liver Metallothionein Level and Metal Content in Fish of Chung-Kung Stream,Taiwan-Tilapia and Liza Macrolepsis

A survey of Chung-Kung sttream fish was undertaken on six occasions from March 1994 to August 1995. Tilapia (Oreochromis hybrid) and Liza macrolepsis were the major species found downstream and were chosen as the target species for metallothionein (MT) analysis of liver tissue. in total MT of 77 tilapia and 48 Liza macrolepsis liver samples were analyzed. Significantly higher values (p >0.05) were found for the August 1995 samples than for samples taken earlier at site B (6 km from the sea) for tilapia and at site A (estuary) for Liza macrolepsis. Liver zinc, copper and cadmium were analyzed for the 1995 samples. for tilapia, liver MT concentration was found to correlate well with zinc concentration (r = 0.84, p > 0.001). for Liza macrolepsis, good correlation was found for MT with both zinc (r = 0.89, p > 0.001) and copper (r = 0.90, p > 0.001). These results indicate that in the Chung-Kung stream, zinc and copper may be the major inducers of fish liver MT. Since these two species are ubiquitous in tropical areas, they would provide a good biomarker for evaluation of integrated metal exposure in the tropical aquatic environment.